\newcommand{\bra}[1]{{\left< #1 \right|}} \newcommand{\ket}[1]{{\left| #1 \right>}} \newcommand{\braket}[2]{{\left\langle #1\vphantom{#2}\right.\left|\vphantom{#1}#2\right\rangle}} \newcommand{\dirac}[3]{{\left\langle #1\vphantom{#2}\vphantom{#3}\right| #2 \left|\vphantom{#1}\vphantom{#2}#3\right\rangle}} \newcommand{\hilbert}{\mathcal{H}} \newcommand{\one}{\mathbbm{1}} \newcommand{\probb}[2]{\text{prob}\left[ #1\vphantom{#2} \right. \left| \vphantom{#1}#2 \right]} \newcommand{\prob}[1]{\text{prob}\left[ #1 \right]} \newcommand{\diffPs}[1]{\partial_{#1}}