neue Verzeichnisstruktur für Bilder (Teil 2)
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kapI-1.tex
28
kapI-1.tex
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
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\chapter{Stern-Gerlach-Experimente}
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\section{Versuchsaufbau (1921)}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{1-001.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-01-00.pdf}
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\caption{Versuchsskizze}
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\end{figure}
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@ -29,16 +29,16 @@ dominiert
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Wir erwarten, dass $\overrightarrow{\mu}$ unpolarisiert ist mit $\mu_z = abs(\mu) \cos \theta$ mit $\theta$ zufällig $p(\theta) = \frac{2\pi}{4\pi} \sin \theta$ und damit auf dem Schirm:
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{1-002.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-01-01.pdf}
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\caption{klassisches Histogramm}
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\end{figure}
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Das Ergebnis, insbesondere 3. ist klassisch nicht zu verstehen!
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\section{Schlüsselexperimente}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{1-003.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-02-00.pdf}
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bzw.
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\includegraphics{1-004.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-02-01.pdf}
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\caption{Kurzdarstellung}
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\end{figure}
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$SG, n$ sei ein in $\vec{n}$ Richtung orientierter Magnet.\\
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@ -49,36 +49,36 @@ Physikalische Eigenschaft: Spin ($\cequiv$ Auslenkung) in $+\vec{n}$ Richtung
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\subsection*{Ex. 1}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{1-005.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-02-02.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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Fazit: Wiederholung der gleichen Messung führt auf das identische Ergebnis.
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\subsection*{Ex. 2}
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\subsubsection*{a}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{1-006.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-02-03.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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Fazit: Die $x$-Messung hat den $z$-Spin beeinflusst.
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\subsubsection*{b}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{1-007.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-02-04.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\subsection*{Ex. 3}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{1-008.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-02-05.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\section{Superposition VS Messung}
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Zur Erinnerung:
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{1-009.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-03-00.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\subsection*{Ex. 4}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{1-010.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-03-01.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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Fazit: Wird $\sigma_x$ nicht gemessen bleibt $\sigma_z$ erhalten.
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@ -86,22 +86,22 @@ Fazit: Wird $\sigma_x$ nicht gemessen bleibt $\sigma_z$ erhalten.
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\subsubsection*{a}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{1-011.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-03-02.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\subsubsection*{b}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{1-012.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-03-03.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\subsubsection*{c}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{1-013.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-03-04.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\subsubsection*{d}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{1-014.pdf}
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/01-03-05.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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Wenn der mittlere $SG, x$ immer schwächer wird ($B_x \rightarrow 0$), muss sich das Muster auf dem Schirm wie oben gezeigt verändern.\\
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$\Rightarrow$ Intereferenz!
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22
kapI-4.tex
22
kapI-4.tex
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
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\section{Hilbertraum und $\sigma_z$-Darstellung}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item immer nur $\pm 1$ als Messwert %TODO $\rightarrow$ $\hilbert = 2$
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\item immer nur $\pm 1$ als Messwert $\rightarrow$ $\dim(\hilbert) = 2$
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\item wähle als Basis $\set{\ket{1}, \ket{2}} = \set{\ket{z+}, \ket{z-}} = \set{\inlinematrix{1\\ 0}, \inlinematrix{0\\ 1}}$ die Eigenvektoren des zu ``Spin in z-Richtung'', $\sigma_z$, gehörenden Operatoren:
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\begin{align}
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\sigma_z \ket{z+} &= (+1) \ket{z+}\\
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@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
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\end{itemize}
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\subsection*{Ex. 1}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\includegraphics{4-001.pdf}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/04-01-00.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{align}
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\prob{\left. \sigma_z \cequiv +1 \right| \ket{\psi_0} = \ket{z+}} &= \abs{\braket{z+}{\psi_0}}^2\\
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@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ Welcher Operator $\sigma_z$ entspricht der physikalischen Größe Spin in n-Rich
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\end{equation}
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\subsection*{Ex. 2a}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\includegraphics{4-002.pdf}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/04-02-00.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{align}
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\prob{\left. \sigma_x \cequiv +1 \right| \ket{\psi_0} = \ket{z+}} \stackrel{Ex}{=} \frac{1}{2} &=\stackrel{P2b}{=} \abs{\braket{x+}{z+}}^2\\
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@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ analog zu Ex. 2a:
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\end{equation}
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\subsection*{Ex. 2c}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\includegraphics{4-003.pdf}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/04-02-01.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{align}
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\prob{\left. \sigma \cequiv +1 \right| \ket{x+}} \stackrel{Ex}{=} \frac{1}{2} &\stackrel{P2b}{=} \abs{\braket{y+}{x+}}^2\\
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@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ Konvention: $\alpha_x = 0;$ $\alpha_x = \frac{\pi}{2}$
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\end{align}
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\section*{Allgemeine Form von $\sigma_n$}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\includegraphics{4-004.pdf}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/04-05-00.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{equation}
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\vec{n} = \inlinematrix{n_x\\ n_y\\ n_z} = \inlinematrix{\sin \theta \cos \phi\\ \sin \theta \sin \phi\\ \cos \theta}
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@ -174,8 +174,8 @@ Konkret:
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\end{align}
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\subsection*{zu Ex 4}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\includegraphics{4-005.pdf}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/04-05-01.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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In den 2. SG,z:
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\begin{align}
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kapI-5.tex
22
kapI-5.tex
@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ $\rightarrow$ unabhängig von $t$!
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\begin{equation}
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\ket{\psi(t_0)} = \ket{x+} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \inlinematrix{1 \\ 1}
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\end{equation}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\includegraphics{5-001.pdf}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/05-02-00.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{equation}
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\prob{\left. \sigma_x \cequiv +1 \right| \ket{\psi(t)}} = \frac{1}{4} 4 \cos^2 \frac{\omega}{2} (t-t_0)
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@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ d.h. der Mittelwert präzediert um die z-Achse.
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\begin{equation}
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\vec{B}(t) = B_z \vec{e}_z + B_1 \left( \cos(\omega t) \vec{e}_x \sin(\omega t) \vec{e}_y \right)
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\end{equation}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\includegraphics{5-002.pdf}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/05-03-00.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{equation}
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H(t) = \frac{\hbar \omega_0}{2} \sigma_z + \frac{\hbar \omega_1}{2} \left( \cos(\omega t) \sigma_x \sin(\omega t) \sigma_y \right)
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@ -129,19 +129,19 @@ mit $\Omega^2 = (\omega - \omega_0)^2 + \omega_1^2$ vollständig gelöst (bis au
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&= \abs{c_-(t)}^2\\
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&= \left( \frac{\omega_1}{\Omega} \right)^2 \sin^2\left(\frac{\Omega}{2}t\right)
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\end{align}
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\includegraphics{5-003.pdf}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/05-03-01.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\subparagraph{Resonanzfall}
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$\omega_1 = \Omega$ d.h. $\omega = \omega_0$, d.h. $B_1$-Feld zirkuliert mit der in 5.2 berechneten Präzessionsfrequenz.
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\begin{itemize}
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\item Im Resonenzfall flippt der Spin mit Sicherheit auch für kleine $B_1$
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\item Rabi (1939, Nobel '44) misst meangetisches Moment des Protons durch\\
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% \begin{figure}[h]
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\includegraphics{5-004.pdf}\\
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\includegraphics{5-005.pdf}
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% \end{figure}
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\item Rabi (1939, Nobel '44) misst meangetisches Moment des Protons durch
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/05-03-02.pdf}\\
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\includegraphics{pdf/I/05-03-03.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\item wichtige Anwendung: \underline{\underline{NMR}} (Idee: Magnetfeld hängt von der lokalen Umgebung ab.)
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\end{itemize}
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38
kapII-0.tex
38
kapII-0.tex
@ -43,18 +43,18 @@ Die möglichen $E$-Werte sind die Eigenwerte des $H$-Operators. Diese Form der P
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\end{enumerate}
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\section{Beispiel 1: $\infty$-Potentialtopf}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/00-02-00.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/00-02-00.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{equation}
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V(x) = \left\lbrace \begin{array}{ll} \infty &\text{für } \abs{x} > a\\ 0 &\text{für } \abs{x} < a \end{array} \right.
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\end{equation}
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\paragraph*{klassisch}
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$x(t_0), p(t_0) = \sqrt{2m E}$
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/00-02-01.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/00-02-01.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\paragraph*{quantal}
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\subparagraph*{Schritt 1} Stationäre Zustände
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@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ Lösung:
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\subparagraph*{Fazit}
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\begin{enumerate}
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\item Energieeigenwerte sind quantisiert.
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/00-02-02.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/00-02-02.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\item Eigenfunktionen $\phi_n(x)$ bilden ein vollständig normiertes Basissystem.
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\begin{equation}
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\phi_n = \frac{1}{\sqrt{a}} \left\lbrace \begin{array}{ll} \cos(k_n x) & n\text{ grade}\\ \sin(k_n x) & \text{sont.} \end{array} \right.
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@ -116,11 +116,11 @@ Lösung:
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\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \phi_n(x) \phi_n(x') &= \delta(x - x')
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\end{align}
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d.h. jede Funktion $\psi(x)$ kann entwickelt werden in dieser Basis $\psi(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} c_n \phi_n(x)$.
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/00-02-03.pdf}
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%\caption{Skizze der Eigenfunktionen}
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%\end{figure}
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\end{enumerate}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/00-02-03.pdf}
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\caption{Skizze der Eigenfunktionen}
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\end{figure}
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\paragraph{Schritt 2} Dynamik\\
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Sei nun $\psi(x, t)$ beliebig gegeben durch
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\begin{equation}
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@ -147,9 +147,9 @@ und damit
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\end{align}
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($U(x,t;x',t_0)$ ... Zeitentwicklungsoperator in Ortsdarstellung)
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\section{Beispiel 2: $\delta$-Potentialtopf}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/00-03-00.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/00-03-00.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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Mit
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\begin{equation}
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V(x) = -\alpha \delta(x)
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@ -186,9 +186,9 @@ Aus der Stetigkeit von $\phi$ folgt:
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\rightarrow E &= -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m} \left( \frac{2m}{\hbar} \right)^2 \alpha^2
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\end{align}
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$\rightarrow$ Ein gebundener Zustand.
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/00-03-01.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/00-03-01.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\subparagraph*{Normierung}
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\begin{equation}
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\phi_0(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{K}} e^{-K \abs{x}}
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kapII-2.tex
36
kapII-2.tex
@ -55,12 +55,8 @@ $\ket{\psi(t_0)}$ gegeben als $\psi(x,t_0) = \braket{x}{\psi(t_0)}$. Gesucht: $\
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\end{align}
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$\rightarrow$ Matrixelemente des Zeitentwicklungsoperators in Ortsdarstellung
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\subsection*{Analogie: Diffusion}
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Sei $c(x, t)$ die Dichte der blauen Tinte.
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{8-001.pdf}
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%\caption{$c(x,t_0)$}
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%\end{figure}
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\paragraph*{Analogie: Diffusion}
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Sei $c(x, t)$ die Dichte der blauen Tinte (siehe Abbildung \ref{diffusionImg}).\\
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Diffusionsgleichung:
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\begin{equation}
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\partial_t c(x, t) = D \partial_x^2 c(x, t)
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@ -74,11 +70,17 @@ QM:
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i\hbar \partial_t \psi(x,t) &= -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m} \partial_x^2 \psi(x,t)\\
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\partial_t \psi(x,t) &= i \frac{\hbar}{2m} \partial_x^2 \psi(x,t)
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\end{align}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/02-02-00.pdf}
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\caption{$c(x,t_0)$}
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\label{diffusionImg}
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\end{figure}
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\section{Gauss'sches Wellenpacket}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{8-002.pdf}
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%\caption{$\abs{\psi^2(x)}$ lokalisiert um die Null mit Breite $~\Delta$}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/02-03-00.pdf}
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\caption{$\abs{\psi^2(x)}$ lokalisiert um die Null mit Breite $~\Delta$}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{equation}
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\psi(x',0) = \frac{1}{(\pi \Delta^2)^{\frac{1}{4}}}
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\end{equation}
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@ -103,10 +105,9 @@ Also ergibt sich für $\rho(p)$
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\begin{equation}
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\rho(p) = \frac{\Delta}{\pi^\frac{1}{2} \hbar} e^\frac{-(p - p_0)^2}{\hbar^2 \Delta^{-2}}
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\end{equation}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{8-002.pdf}
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%\caption{$\abs{\psi^2(x)}$ lokalisiert um die Null mit Breite $~\Delta$}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/02-03-01.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\paragraph*{Dispersion, Unschärfe}
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\begin{align}
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(\Delta x)_\ket{\psi(0)} &= \sqrt{<x^2> - <x>^2} = \sqrt{\dirac{\psi(0)}{\hat{x}^2}{\psi(0)}}\\
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@ -127,10 +128,9 @@ für Gauss'sches Wellenpacket ist Gleichheit erreicht.
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\begin{equation}
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\rho(x,t) = \abs{\psi(x,t)}^2
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\end{equation}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{8-002.pdf}
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%\caption{$\abs{\psi^2(x)}$ lokalisiert um die Null mit Breite $~\Delta$}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/02-03-02.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{equation}
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\Delta(t) = \Delta^{(0)} \sqrt{1 + \frac{\hbar^2 t^2}{m^2 \Delta^4}}
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\end{equation}
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48
kapII-3.tex
48
kapII-3.tex
@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ der Wahscheinlichkeitsstromdichte (``Kontinuitätsgleichung''; gilt für jede Er
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\end{align}
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\section{Streuung an der Potentialstufe}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-02-00.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-02-00.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\paragraph*{klassisch}
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\subparagraph*{Fall 1} $E > V_0$
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\begin{align}
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@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ Strom rechts: $x > 0$
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\begin{align}
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j(x > 0) &= \frac{\hbar}{m} \im{\diffPs{x} \phi(x > 0) \phi(x > 0)}\\
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&= \frac{\hbar}{m} q C^2\\
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&= \frac{\hbar}{m} q \sbk{\frac{2k}{k + q}}^2
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&= \frac{\hbar}{m} q \sbk{\frac{2k}{k + q}}^2\\
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&\equiv j_T \equiv T j_I
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\end{align}
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mit dem Reflexionskoeffizient
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@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ für die gilt:
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\begin{equation}
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\boxed{R + T = 1}
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\end{equation}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-02-01.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-02-01.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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Zusammenfassung:\\
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Auch für $E > V_0$ wird ein Teil reflektiert!
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@ -156,16 +156,16 @@ Wellenfunktion für $x > 0$
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\phi(x) &= C e^{-\kappa x}\\[15pt]
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\rho(x) &= \abs{\phi(x)}^2 = C C^* e^{-2 \kappa x} \neq 0
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\end{align}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-02-00.pdf}
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%\caption{das Teilchen dringt in die Potentialstufe ein}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-02-02.pdf}
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\caption{das Teilchen dringt in die Potentialstufe ein}
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\end{figure}
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\section{Potentialtopf}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-03-00.pdf}
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%\caption{gebundene Zustände $0 > E > -\abs{V_0}$}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-03-00.pdf}
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\caption{gebundene Zustände $0 > E > -\abs{V_0}$}
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\end{figure}
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\paragraph*{symmetrische Lösung}
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\begin{align}
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\abs{x} < a: ~ \phi(x) &= A \cos(q x)\\
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@ -182,18 +182,18 @@ teile \ref{eqn01} durch \ref{eqn00}:
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\begin{equation}
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\tan(q a) = \frac{\kappa}{q} = \frac{\sqrt{\frac{2m a^2 \abs{V_0}}{\hbar^2} - (q a)^2}}{q a}
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\end{equation}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-03-01.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-03-01.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{itemize}
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\item endlich viele diskrete $q$-Werte d.h. $E$-Werte mit Lösung
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\item es gibt mindestens eine Lösung
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\end{itemize}
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für $\frac{2m a^2 \abs{V_0}}{\hbar^2} < \pi^2$ existiert nur eine Lösung
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\subparagraph*{Grundzustand $\phi_0$}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-03-02.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-03-02.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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\begin{equation}
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\phi_0(x) = \left\lbrace \begin{array}{ll} A \cos(q_0) & \abs{x} < a\\ B e^{-\kappa x} & \abs{x} \geq a \end{array} \right.
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\end{equation}
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@ -210,6 +210,6 @@ wie oben:
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\end{equation}
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gibt es nur falls $\frac{2 m a^2 \abs{V_0}}{\hbar^2} > \frac{\pi^2}{4}$
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\subparagraph*{Spektrum}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-03-03.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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\includegraphics{pdf/II/03-03-03.pdf}
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\end{figure}
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10
kapII-4.tex
10
kapII-4.tex
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Definiere den Paritätsoperator $\Pi$ als:
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\begin{equation}
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\Pi \ket{x} \equiv \ket{-x} ~\left[~ \neq -\ket{x} ~\right]
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\end{equation}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/04-02-00.pdf}
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%\caption{Beispiel für $\Pi$}
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%\end{figure}
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@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Was ist $[H, \Pi]$ ?
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\section{Translationsoperator periodisches Potential\\und Bloch Theorem}
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\paragraph{Definition} Translationoperator
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/04-03-00.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{align}
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@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ mit $\phi(x)$, der Eigenfunktion zu
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x_a \equiv e^{-i \kappa a}
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\end{equation}
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(mit $\kappa$ beliebig reell)
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/04-03-01.pdf}
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%\caption{Periodisches Potential}
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%\end{figure}
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@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ d.h. SG im Intervall $[0, a]$ lösen mit Randbedingung:
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\end{equation}
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\section{Bandstruktur im Beispiel ``Dirac-Kamm''}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/04-04-00.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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\begin{equation}
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@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ Lösung falls $\det M = 0$ mit
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\begin{equation}
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\cos(\kappa A) = \cos(k a) + \frac{m \alpha a}{\hbar^2} \frac{\sin(k a)}{k a}
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\end{equation}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/04-04-01.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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in $z$ ist erlaubt:
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@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ eingesetzt in $H$:
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\begin{equation}
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0 \leq \norm{\aDs \ket{\nu}}^2 = \braket{\nu}{\aCr \aDs \nu} = \nu \underbrace{\braket{\nu}{\nu}}_{\geq 0}
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\end{equation}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/05-01-00.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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Die obige Ungleichung wäre nach mehrfacher Anwendung von $\aDs \ket{\nu}$ verletzt wenn anfänglich $\nu$ keine ganze positive Zahl ist.
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@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Daraus ergibt sich das Spektrum von $\nOp$:
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\begin{equation}
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\nOp \ket{n} = n \ket{n} \text{ mit } n \in \setZ^+_0
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\end{equation}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/05-01-01.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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und das Spektrum von $H$:
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@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ Normierung:
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\begin{equation}
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\intgr{-\infty}{+\infty}{\phi_0(x) \phi_0^*(x)}{x} \stackrel{!}{=} 1 ~ \rightarrow ~ c = \frac{1}{\pi^\frac{1}{4}}
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\end{equation}
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%\begin{figure}[h]
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%\begin{figure}[H] \centering
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%\includegraphics{pdf/II/05-02-00.pdf}
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%\end{figure}
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\paragraph*{Angeregte Zustände}
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